Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Author Department
Internal Medicine; Medicine
Document Type
Article, Peer-reviewed
Publication Date
2-2022
Abstract
Background: Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome is now recognized as a complex systemic disease that is associated with substantial morbidity.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and signs at least 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 at different follow-up periods.
Data sources: Searches were conducted up to October 2021 in Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, and PubMed.
Study eligibility criteria: Articles in English that reported the prevalence of persistent symptoms among individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and included at least 50 patients with a follow-up of at least 12 weeks after acute illness.
Methods: Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to produce pooled prevalence for each symptom at 4 different follow-up time intervals. Between-studies heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and was explored via meta-regression, considering several a priori study level variables. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for prevalence studies and comparative studies, respectively.
Results: After screening 3209 studies, a total of 63 studies were eligible, with a total COVID-19 population of 257,348. The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, sleep disorder and concentration difficulty (32%, 25%, 24%, and 22% respectively at 3-<6 months follow-up), effort intolerance, fatigue, sleep disorder and dyspnea (45%, 36%, 29% and 25% respectively at 6-<9 months follow-up), fatigue (37%) and dyspnea (21%) at 9-<12 months and fatigue, dyspnea, sleep disorder, myalgia (41%, 31%, 30%, and 22% respectively at >12 months follow-up). There was substantial between-studies heterogeneity for all reported symptoms prevalence. Meta-regressions identified statistically significant effect modifiers: world region, male gender, diabetes mellitus, disease severity and overall study quality score. Five of six studies including a comparator group consisting of COVID-19 negative cases observed significant adjusted associations between COVID-19 and several long-term symptoms.
Conclusions: This systematic review found that a large proportion of patients experience PACS 3 to 12 months after recovery from the acute phase of COVD-19. However, available studies of PACS are highly heterogeneous. Future studies need to have appropriate comparator groups, standardized symptoms definitions and measurements and longer follow-up.
Recommended Citation
Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, Shaar BA, Almamlouk R, Riaz M, Obeidat M, Obeidat Y, Gerberi D, Taha RM, Kashour Z, Kashour T, Berbari EF, Alkattan K, Tleyjeh IM. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Feb 3:S1198-743X(22)00038-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.014. Epub ahead of print.
PMID
35124265