Obesity increases the risk of chronic pain development following motor vehicle collision

Author Department

Emergency Medicine

Document Type

Article, Peer-reviewed

Publication Date

11-2018

Abstract

Obesity has been found to increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in other settings, but to our knowledge the influence of increased body mass index on pain outcomes after common trauma exposures such as motor vehicle collision (MVC) has not been assessed. In addition, obesity results in biomechanical changes, as well as physiologic changes including reduced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis negative feedback inhibition, but mechanisms by which obesity may result in worse post-traumatic outcomes remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the influence of body mass index (BMI) on axial and overall MSP severity (0-10 numeric rating scale) 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after MVC among 917 European Americans who presented to the emergency department for initial evaluation. After adjusting for an array of sociodemographic factors, obesity (particularly morbid obesity) was an independent risk factor for worse MSP after MVC (e.g., RR 1.41 (95% CI 1.11, 1.80) for moderate or severe MSP 6 months after MVC among morbidly obese vs. normal weight MVC survivors). Interestingly, substantial effect modification was observed between obesity risk and a genetic variant known to reduce HPA axis negative feedback inhibition (FKBP5 rs9380526). (E.g., 41% vs. 16% increased risk of moderate or severe MSP at six months among obese individuals with and without the risk allele.) Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms underlying chronic pain development in obese trauma survivors and to develop interventions that will reduce chronic pain severity among this common, at risk group.

PMID

30507783

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